Preflight

Interior

• Mags - Off
• Cowl flaps - Open
• Fuel selector - Left tank
• Gust lock - Remove
• Landing gear switch - Down
• Master switch - On
• Fuel gages - Check quantity
• Flaps - Down
• Master switch - Off
• Aircraft documents - ARROW
• Weight and balance - Review
• Flashlights/equipment - Check

Exterior

• Empennage - Check security, movement, trim tab security/cable attachment free play
• Tail tiedown - Remove
• Right static port - Check unobstructed
• Underside - Check condition, antennas
• Right flap - Check for damage, security
• Right aileron - Check for damage, security, movement
• Right wing - Check for damage
• Right tiedown - Remove
• Right gear - Check strut (2 inches showing), uplock roller, brakes, and tire (30 psi)
• Right fuel tanks -
• Main gear - Check strut (2 inches showing) and tire (30 psi)

Preflight (cont'd)

• Right cowl - Check secure
• Cowl plugs - Remove
• Propeller and spinner - Check condition
• Engine air inlet - Check unobstructed
• Left cowl - Open
• Alternator belt - Check tension
• Oil level - Check (9 quarts max. 8 quarts min.)
• Oil filler cap - Check secure
• Left cowl - Close
• Fuel selector drain - Check sump
• Left wing - Check for damage
• Left fuel tanks - Check quantity, vents, sump
• Left gear -.Check strut (2 inches showing), uplock roller, brakes, and tire (30 psi)
• Pitot tube - Remove cover. Check for obstructions
• Stall warning switch - Check movement, operation
• Navigation lights (night flight) - Check
• Left tiedown - Remove
• Left aileron - Check for damage, security, movement
• Left flap - Check for damage, security
• Left static port - Check unobstructed

Starting Engine

Cold

• Brakes - Set
• Landing gear switch - DOWN
• Circuit breakers - Check
• Fuel - Desired tank (Left?, NEVER Aux)
• Prop - Full increase
• Mixture - Rich
• Throttle - Open 2 turns
• Master switch - ON
• Fuel pump - LOW, wait until indication on fuel flow meter, then OFF
• Prop area - ``Clear!''
• Starter - Engage
• Engine speed - 1000 RPM
• Fuel pump - OFF
• Oil Pressure - must indicate within 30 seconds
• Flaps - UP
• Flap switch - Center
• Beacon - ON

Hot

Same as cold, except...

• Mixture - Rich
• Throttle - Open 1 turn
• Fuel pump - LOW - peak twice, then OFF
• Throttle - Open 3/4 of full throttle
• Prop area - ``Clear!''
• Starter - Engage
• Fuel pump - LOW momentarily as engine fires
• Throttle - Reduce immediately

After Start

• Nav lights - On, as appropriate
• Radio master - ON
• Transponder - STANDBY
• ATIS, Ground, Tower - SET (SQL 125.9/121.6/119.0)
• Altimeter - Set (within 40' field elev.)

Taxi

• Brakes - Test
• Artificial Attitude - Check operation
• Turn Coordinator - Check operation
• Directional Gyro - Check operation
• Magnetic compass - Check operation, fluid level

Before Takeoff

Engine Runup

• Brakes - Set
• Fuel - Desired tank (left?). NEVER aux!
• Mixture - Rich
• Oil temperature - Wait for 70°F
• Engine speed - 1800 RPM
• Mags - Test: L-Both-R-Both. Drop-off < 100 Rpm and < 50 RPM differential..
• Prop - Cycle twice full travel. Check oil pressure/man pres/RPM drop, normal return.
• Vacuum - Between 4 - 7 inches
• Alternator - Charging - show discharge

Instruments

• Engine gages - Check
• Instruments - Check and set
• Mags - BOTH
• Prop - Full increase
• Mixture - Rich
• Elevator trim - 3° (green/white transition)
• Aileron trim- Neutral
• Flaps - 0° (first line 10° short/soft field)
• Flight controls - Free, correct, and smooth.
• Door, shout, and emergency windows - Latched
• Seat belts - Fastened
• Passengers - Briefed

Navigation

• Tower/Departure freq. - Set
• Sqawk - Set
• Departure route/Navaid - Set

Takeoff

• Transponder - ALT
• Mixture - Rich
• Prop - Full increase
• Strobes - ON
• Landing lights - As appropriate
• HSI - Check heading with runway number
• Departure time - Record
• Mixture - Lean for takeoff, if elevation > 3000 feet
• Rotate - 60-70 mph, V_X - 75 mph V_y - 103 mph (sea level)

Post Takeoff

• Gear - UP (when out of usable runway)
• Flaps - Up
• Throttle/Prop - 1000 feet AGL, - 24''/2400 RPM

Climb

• Each cardinal 1000 feet - Adjust manifold pressure
• Pass 3000/5000/7000 feet - Adjust mixture

Cruse

• Throttle/Prop - Set for cruse
• Mixture - Lean 50°F (25° if 65% power) below peak.
• Cowl flaps - Close

Landing - Downwind

• Gas Fuel - Proper tank (NOT aux)
• Undercarriage Gear - DOWN (140 mph max)
• Mixture - Full rich (sea level) or as appropriate
• Prop - Full increase (after power reduction)
• Switches/Seatbelts - Landing lights/Passengers briefed and belted
• Flaps - Set (120 mph max)
• Approach speed - 90 mph

Landing - Final

• Prop - Full increase
• Cowl flaps - Open
• Gear - DOWN indicated locked
• Speed over the fence - 80 mph

Go Around

• Prop - Full increase
• Throttle - Full power
• Mixture - Rich (sea level) or as appropriate
• Throttle - Full power
• Flaps - Up gradually
• Gear - UP
• Cowl flaps - Open
• Throttle/Prop - 1000 feet AGL - 24''/2400 RPM
• V_X - 75 mph V_y - 103 mph

After Landing

• Flaps - Raised
• Transponder - STANDBY
• Strobes - OFF

Shutdown

• Radio master - OFF
• Electrical Equipment - OFF
• Throttle - 1000 RPM
• Prop - Full increase
• Mixture - Idle cut-off
• Master switch - OFF
• Mags - OFF
• Arrival Time - Record

Secure

• Flight time - Record in airplane log book
• Elevator trim - 3° (green/white transition)
• Cowl flaps - Close
• Gust lock and bungee cords - Install
• Instrument panel - Cover with towel
• Cabin door - Close and lock
• Airplane cover - Install
• Pitot tube cover - Install
• Cowl plugs - Install
• Tail and wing tiedowns - Secure
• Flight plan - Close

EMERGENCY Gear Extension

• Master switch - ON
• Gear - DOWN
• Gear indicator - Check green lamp lit or lower indicator in the DOWN position.

If gear down indication still not present:

• Airspeed - < 120 mph
• Gear circuit breaker - Pull
• Gear crank - approx. 50 counterclockwise turns
• Lower gear indicator - Verify in down position
• Gear crank - Stow

Note: with landing gear circuit breaker "pulled", landing gear position lights are nonfunctional.

EMERGENCY Gear Up Landing

• In an emergency, a gear up landing may be made:
  1. When the surface is too soft or rough to permit a satisfactory gear down landing.
  2. When a field is too short for a gear down landing, one that might cause more damage by hitting obstructions than a gear up landing would.
  3. When a water landing is necessary.
• Flaps - UP
• Throttle - CLOSED
• Master - OFF
• Mags - OFF
• Fuel selector - OFF

EMERGENCY Power Loss

• Best glide speed - 103 mph
• Select suitable landing area
• Fuel selector - Switch to tank not in use
• Throttle - Open 1/2 inch from present setting
• Prop - Full increase
• Fuel pressure - Check. If none, Fuel pump - HIGH
• Mags - Check best: left, right, both.
• To restart failed engine:
  • Fuel pump - OFF
  • Throttle - Closed
  • Mixture - Idle cut-off
  • Fuel selector - OFF
  • Wait several seconds
  • Fuel elector - Fullest tank
  • Mixture - Rich
  • Throttle - Open 1/4 inch
  • Fuel pressure - If zero - Fuel pump - HIGH
• If engine cannot be restarted:
  • Mixture - Idle cut-off
  • Throttle - Closed
  • Mags - OFF
  • Fuel selector - OFF
  • Prop - Low RPM
  • Best glide speed - 90 mph

EMERGENCY Engine Fire In Flight

• Mixture - Idle Cut-off
• Fuel selector - OFF
• Mags - OFF
• Throttle - Closed
• Best glide speed - 103 mph